THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


B.  0. 

DA  I.  U<.  1EXA3 


Universal    Shorthand 


Especially  Adapted  to  the  Use  of  Schools, 
with  a  View  to  Private  Study, 


BY- 


W.  L.  MUSICK. 


SECOND  EDITION. 


W.  L.  Musick  Publishing  Co., 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1905. 


COPYRIGHT  1905  BY 
WILLIAM    L.    MUSICK. 


PREFACE 


The  author  of  this  system  of  shorthand  has  never  been 
an  advocate  of  more  systems,  and  yet,  after  publishing 

books  in  the  fifteen  different  leading  systems  for  many 
go 

fc    vears,  and  being  in  touch  with  the  leading  schools,  teach- 
t«   * 

>•   ers.  and  writers,  he  has  found  that  there  is  a  demand  for 

3 
9   a  system  and  a  text  book  that  will  cover  the  field  and  will 

J  obtain  the  results  which  il  will  be  found  that  this  system 

and  this  book  will  do. 
t*» 

«T 

&       It  has  all  the  speed  qualities  of  any  of  the  Pitmanic 

^    systems,  and  all  the  legible  qualities  of  the  most  legible. 

In  these  points  lies  its  power,  and  if  examined  with  either 

j    in  view  the  power  of  the  system  and  the  plan  will  be  a 

H   pleasant  surprise.     The  author  relies  solely  upon  its  merit, 

and  not  upon  claims. 

THE  AUTHOR. 


449506 


Table  of  Contents. 


PAGE 

The   Alphabet 1 

Vowel   Positions 2 

Circles  and  Loops 7 

Shortening  Principle 11 

The  Ticks 23 

Hook  Rules 29 

\Yords  Beginning  with  Vowels 37 

Prefixes  and  Suffixes 41 

Terminations 49 

Reporting  Phrases 61 

Days,  Months,  States  and  Cities ,,.,,,, 65 


UNIVERSAL  DICTATION  COURSE. 


The  Universal  Dictation  Course,  in  this  system,  made 
up  of  actual  business  letters  and  other  matter  selected 
from  twenty-six  different  lines  of  business,  beginning  with 
easy  letters  and  gradually  bringing  in  more  difficult  work, 
should  follow  the  work  in  this  book.  The  two  books 
make  a  complete  course,  and  comprise  a  vocabulary  of 
words  that  will  not  only  cover  the  vocabulary  of  business 
correspondence,  but  contains  a  very  large  vocabulary  of 
Court  and  General  Reporting. 

The  matter  is  selected  from  actual  letters  in  the  dif- 
ferent lines  of  business,  and  the  testimony  from  actual 
court  work. 

W.  L.  MUSICK  PUBLISHING  Co. 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  I. 
Alphabet. 

abcdef         ghi         j         k  1m 


nopq          r  stuvw  xyz 

........  /  .........  U  ........ 

SPECIAL  SIGNS. 


ces 

\ses  / 
sh     ch          th     wh    ss     h 


The  sign  for  o  is  joined  with  an  angle.  The  sign  for 
x  is  k-s.  The  sign  for  c  is  k  with  a  tick  through  it, 
and  is  used  for  initial  letter  only,  as  when  c  has  the  soft 
sound  ^  is  used,  and  when  it  has  the  hard  sound  k  is  used 
in  spelling  words.  The  sign  for  j  and  z  is  the  same. 

The  stroke  for  "r"  is  always  written  upward.  "L  and 
I"  may  be  written  upward  or  downward. 

Write  the  alphabet  over  and  over  until  it  can  be  written 
without  referring  to  the  book,  and  then  learn  the  "Vowel 
Positions." 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 


Vowel  Positions. 

The  vowels  are  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  some  sound  of  which  is 
heard  in  every  word.  To  save  time  in  writing  and  yet 
make  the  reading  perfectly  plain,  these  vowels  are  rep- 
resented by  positions  as  follows : 

ba     be      bi     bo    bu    ma    me   my   mo    mu     pie  boy  pew 
a      position  

eo.      ;;        _/ ) j  _....'Z^r>.v__v  _v    \ 


o-ou 


.  The  sound  of  oi  and  oy  are  written  on  the  t  posi- 
tion. The  sound  of  on  and  oiv  are  written  on  the  o 
position.  The  sound  of  au  is  written  on  the  o  position. 

The  sign  for  b  written  on  the  a  position,  as  above,  is 
ba  for  bay;  on  i  position  it  is  bi  or  boi  for  by  or  buy  or 
boy.  The  sign  for  p  written  on  u  position  is  pu  for  pew. 
Should  there  be  more  than  one  vowel  in  a  word,  write 
the  first  consonant  stroke  on  the  position  of  the  first 
vowel  heard  in  pronouncing  the  word. 

1.  Any  character  except  g,  k,  v,  m,  f,  r,  may  be  shaded 
to  add  r.  "F"  may  be  shaded  when  shortened. 

Reading  and  Writing  Exercises. 

Write  the  following  words  by  placing  the  proper  con- 
sonant sign  on  the  vowel  position  to  spell  the  word. 

Read  and  write  the  following  shorthand  plates  over 
and  over  until  they  can  be  written  accurately  and  read 
without  hesitation. 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  3 

Pay,  pea,  pie,  pew,  pray,  pry,  tea,  tie,  to,  tray,  try, 
true,  gay,  go,  way,  we,  were  (down),  we  are  (down), 
was,  you,  your,  yours,  he,  his,  him,  home,  she,  who,  why, 
see,  saw,  so,  they,  there  or  their,  where. 


Z    £ 

\    \ 

n 


Now,  near,  fear,  nor,  know,  no,  soon,  boy,  toy,  bough, 
how,  do,  trials,  trip,  this,  way,  time,  passes,  masses, 
houses,  draw,  gash,  here,  hear,  her,  hire,  higher. 


N, 


Word  Signs  and  Phrases. 

Many  words  occur  very  frequently  so  that  it  is  both 
safe  and  expedient  to  represent  them  by  simple  strokes 
or  signs  which  soon  become  as  familiar  as  figures,  and 
are  really  an  aid  to  reading  as  well  as  speed,  as  soon  as 
they  are  thoroughly  fixed  in  the  mind. 

2.  The  small  circle  at  the  end  of  a  character  in  phras- 
ing is  as,  has,  is,  his,  or  us. 

a-an-and,  the,  I  or  eye,  of,  in,  at,  ad,  had,  it,  all,  well, 
will,  have,  if,  for,  oh  or  owe,  on,  or,  order,  each,  which, 
much,  to,  are,  when,  up,  before,  as,  has,  is,  his,  us-use, 


4  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

who,  whom,  what,  think,  to-day,  come,  company,  on  us, 
for  us,  of  us,  for  his,  number,  remember. 

j  \   \  I        C.../^... ./: 

c  r 


•-'/" r 

! L.) 


3.     A  small  hook  at  the  beginning,  on  the  upper  or 
right  hand  side  of  straight  strokes  is  "1." 

Call,     glad,    play,  rail,    roll,    till,  plum,  place,    please. 


4.  A  small  hook  on  the  left  hand  or  under-side  of 
straight  strokes,  at  the  end,  is  n.  If  this  hook  be  closed 
it  is  ns. 

Pen,  run,  win,  can,  gain,  pens,  runs,  wins,  cans,  gains, 
at  once,  at  hand. 


5.  The  shaded  t  on  o  position  is  to  our  or  to  or.  The 
sign  for  in  shaded  is  in  our.  The  sign  for  o  on  u 
position  and  shaded  is  o-u-r,  our. 

Our,  to  our,  in  our,  were,  we  are,  time,  home,  hum, 
have,  if,  for,  of,  which,  way,  dray,  draw  (in  words  like 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 


draw,  the  w  stroke  may  be  added  if  desired,  but  it  is 
not  necessary),  line,  loan,  love,  live,  lake,  like,  look,  up, 
before,  upset. 


/ 


Dear  Sir :  We  hope  to  hear  soon  when  you  think  you 
may  go  to  see  the  houses  which  you  said  you  saw.  We 
wish  to  see  what  they  look  like,  and  to  know  where  they 
are.  They  were  for  sale  when  he  was  here  and  we  think 
we  may  sell  same  for  him  soon.  The  company  may  look 
for  him  at  once. 

We  hope  you  may  call  soon  and  tell  us  all  you  know 

of  this. 

Yours  truly, 


p_.....f.. 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 


Suggestion. 

The  student  should  not  spend  any  time  looking  ahead 
of  the  present  work.  Do  not  borrow  trouble  and  you 
will  naturally  have  less  trouble.  Be  satisfied  to  cross 
the  river  when  you  get  to  it.  The  hardest  things  will 
be  easy,  if  you  take  the  easy  things  with  you  until  you 
reach  the  hard  ones.  In  all  your  practice  and  study  on 
the  principles,  think  out  the  spelling  of  the  word  or 
phrase  but  always  write  what  you  think.  You  are  only 
half  studying  if  you  write  without  thinking  or  think 
without  writing.  You  must  do  both. 

After  completing  the  prihciples  and  taking  up  the  dic- 
tation work  in  the  Universal  Dictation  Course,  you  should 
continue  to  go  over  the  principles  in  this  book.  Do  this 
systematically.  Begin  with  the  first  lesson  and  write 
and  think  everything  over  again.  You  can  easily  go  over 
a  lesson  a  day  besides  your  other  work,  and  in  the  end 
you  will  be  rewarded  by  having  40%  more  speed  and 
by  being  40%  more  accurate.  This  will  also  result  in 
your  receiving  40%  more  money  for  your  services. 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  II. 

Circles  and  Loops. 

6.  The  enlarged  circle  is  jj  for  ces,  ses,  sez,  the  same 
as  given  in  the  group  of  special  signs.  Still  another  s 
or  z  sound  may  be  added  following  the  large  circle,  by 
writing  another  small  circle  after,  on  the  other  side  of  the 
stroke. 

System,  sister,  passes,  possess,  possesses,  success,  suc- 
cesses, chooses,  losses,  season,  desire,  dear  sir. 

— fc~ 


/  NO         X)        o-o    °-G>    -3         > 

7.  ^The  loop  instead  of  the  circle  is  st,  sd,  zd,  etc.,  and 
this  loop  is  made  larger  to  add  r.  Another  s  or  z  sound 
may  be  added  by  writing  a  circle  following  on  the  other 
side  of  the  stroke. 

Most,  mast,  muster,  post,  poster,  posters,  fossil,  voiced, 
suggest,  breast,  nests,  lists,  store,  step,  still,  stuff,  stab, 
dishonest,  honest. 

~ '  ™" - ^ *"' 


8.     The  signs  for  o,  u,  sh,  may  be  minuted  or  made 
verv  small  to  add  /. 


8  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

Old,  ultimo,  shall,  shalt,  challies  (shalis),  older,  shoul- 
der, shelter. 

i IS * I " < t 

Outline  Positions. 

Wake,  take,  cape,  keep,  peck,  pick,  kite,  kind,  coat, 
top,  tip,  map,  mop,  palm,  plum,  pipe,  cake,  cook,  kick, 
paper,  popular,  gig,  giggle,  shape,  sheep,  mole,  mill,  meal, 
male,  mule. 


Note. — The  horizontal  or  perpendicular  tick  for  a  or  e, 
and  the  signs  for  o  and  u,  and  the  stroke  for  i,  may  be 
used  anywhere  in  an  outline  to  express  the  vowels,  when 
necessary.  So  that  we  have  the  connective  vowel  and 
the  position  vowel  schemes  combined,  which  must  mean 
both  brevity  and  legibility.  The  stroke  for  i  may  be 
shortened  for  t,  d,  th,  or  shaded  to  add  r.  The  signs  for 
o  and  u  may  be  enlarged  for  /,  d,  th,  and  when  they 
spell  the  word  out,  are  written  on  the  line. 

Word  Signs. 

Next,  instant,  establish-ed-ment,  stenograph-er-y,  influ- 
ence-ed,  influences,  first,  at  first,  satisfy-ed-actory,  ex- 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  9 

traordinary,  opportunity,  Mr.,  to-day,  to-morrow,  disap- 
point-ed-ment,  business,  advantage,  disadvantage. 


6 

.'. :v.. 

_7\ _s _ 


Your  order  of  the  10th,  we  may,  yours  of  the  15th,  in 
reply,  as  you,  saw  you,  request  us,  in  which,  he  will,  at 
once,  wish  you,  you  may,  sell  you,  what  you,  when  you, 
as  is,  as  his,  as  has,  is  as,  is  his,  usual-ly. 

•  \'*~  ^ <^  ^x  -^ -• <^-^ *£•* zf- 

/"^      3v  oo  . 

.   ^ ^   *. ^-^% o o--o ••••-• : 

1. 

Dear  Sir :  Yours  at  hand  to-day  and  we  have  seen  your 
son.  He  seems  to  suit  for  our  work  which  he  will  take 
up  at  once. 

We  wish  you  to  call  on  us  at  any  time  you  may  have 
opportunity.  We  wish  to  sell  you  what  you  wish  to  buy 
in  our  line  and  on  the  usual  terms. 

We  hope  to  hear  soon  as  to  when  you  think  you  may 
be  here.  Yours  truly, 

/       •  /  i  ^_^ 

"^ / '"'"^ ^>-*"'       ' y * \c c 71" 

*-—    L—  ^\    J       /  /      ^ —          '         i  ^ 

^ y~r 7 ^....^..^ 

^1 '•—• -1-/ ^— ^-} ^ ^ 


10  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

Dear  Sir:  We  will  come  next  week  and  take  advan- 
tage of  the  opportunity  which  we  had  at  first.  If  we 
have  no  disappointment,  we  shall  establish  a  satisfactory 
business.  We  know  we  shall  have  some  extraordinary 
disadvantage.  We  know  the  influence  of  Mr.  Thomas 
is  for  us,  and  he  will  be  here  to-day  or  to-morrow.  We 
hope  to  see  you  at  the  same  time. 

Yours  truly, 


7"7' 5  ~*~r 


' c 


'••u^ ^ >**r^f i 

/         v 

"^  i x 


Note. — When  you  are  not  sure  about  a  word,  spell  it 
out  and  write  what  you  spell  and  it  will  be  correct, 
usually,  however  we  should  desire  and  work  for  brief  and 
safe  outlines. 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  11 

LESSON  III. 
The  Shortening  Principle. 

9.  Any  stroke  may  be  made  half-length  to  add  t,  d,  th, 
and  any  other  character  may  be  enlarged  to  add  t,  d,  th. 

Note. — "F"  may  be  shaded  for  r  when  shortened.  "V 
cannot  be  shortened.  Full  length  "F"  is  never  shaded. 

Let,  light,  get,  made,  could,  would,  with,  letter,  father, 
another,  write,  wrote,  received,  did,  send,  sent,  present, 
prompt,  whether,  other,  shutter,  under,  but,  shatter 
spatter,  went,  cannot. 


_  / I. ..0^*. 

C  _j^__      _£- 

..  ..... 


10.  The  shortened  t  or  d  is  ted,  ded,  tet,  del,  and  may 
be  written  disjoined  at  the  end  if  it  does  not  make  a  good 
joining.  Shaded  adds  r. 

Matted,  noted,  rated,  plated,  heated,  loaded,  coated, 
sighted,  battered,  scattered. 


^      S      4  P    I  -' 

* r-x*r"=? r *  " 


12  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

11.     A  small   hook    at  the   beginning    of   the    curved 
strokes  b,  d,  f,  v,  and  i,  is  "I" 

Blame,  dell,  dale,  flow,  fly,  black,  blind,  island,  ill,  I 
will,  bloated,  floated. 


12.     A   short  horizontal  or   perpendicular  tick   at  the 
beginning,  medial  or  end,  is  a,  an,  and,  or  e. 

Of  a,  to  a,  for  an,  and  a.  at  a,  and  at,  arrest,  and  of, 
and  for,  and  it,  a  few,  and  if,  disappear,  disease,  diet. 


13.  A  short  tick  at  the  end  of  a  character,  in  the 
direction  of  w,  either  up  or  down,  is  the. 

At  the,  for  the,  by  the,  if  the,  do  the,  as  the,  is  the, 
why  the,  who  the,  could  the,  can  the,  upon  the,  would 
the,  should  the,  shall  the,  where  the. 

I-  \  /°  -—T>     v\ 

s:  *  ........  ^  .........  C  ...................  ~  ~p  .......  ?  ......  =- 

*     ^L  ......  ___________________________________________  ...... 

/     ^ 

14.  The  short  /  on  a  position  is  at  or  ad.     The  sign 
for  at   or   ad  may  be   written  regardless  of  position  in 
phrasing  and  in  long  words. 

Adjust,  readjust,  at  most,  admire,  at  hand,  attend, 
tent. 

{  .........  k  ........  .J  ..... 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  13 

15.  A  small  hook  at  the  end  on  the  right  or  upper  side 
of  straight  strokes  is  /  or  v,  also  at  the  end  of  the  stroke 
for  d. 

Note.—  The  "n"  hook  on  "d"  is  smaller  than  the  "/  or 
if'  hook  on  "d." 

Definite,  defend,  defer,  defy,  differ,  difference,  gave, 
gift,  to  have,  pave,  proof,  strive,  wave,  we  have,  we  have 
your. 


16.  "F"  on  "u"  is  "fu"  for  "if  you."  "K"  short  for 
"kd"  is  "could,"  and  with  the  "n"  hook  is  "could  not." 
The  "n"  hook  added  to  "k"  in  phrasing  is  "can,"  and 
"not"  is  added  by  writing  short  "n." 

If  you,  if  you  can,  if  you  cannot,  if  you  could  not,  we 
cannot,  we  could  not,  if  you  can  get  an  order.  (Use  the 
tick  for  a-an-and  horizontal  or  perpendicular.)  And  go 
to,  call  a  halt,  and  in  reply  will  say. 

fea-^  .....  b  ............  ---  ......  ..  ...         17...  r^-   SO 

~  >» 


17.  A  very  slight  slanting  tick,  at  the  beginning  or  end 
of  an  outline,  is  "si"  or  zl. 

Slain,  slam,  slender,  slack,  sleeve,  sliced  (the  tick  is 
"e.")  slander,  myself,  himself,  yourself,  herself,  your- 
selves, themselves. 

*(  > 


14 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 


18.  The  strokes  for  m,  n,  r,  v,  f,  may  be  lengthened 
to  add  ter,  der,  thcr.  The  hook  may  be  used  inside  of  th 
for  n.  Use  sh  for  ch  when  necessary  to  make  a  good 
joining. 

Matter,  mother,  writer,  rather,  rather  than,  elevator, 
cultivator,  return,  returns,  further,  farther,  barter,  quarter, 
weather,  wider,  whether,  whether  there  is,  than,  then, 
thine,  reach,  rich,  roach,  (use  the  sh  for  ch  on  the  r  and 
n  strokes.) 


Word  Signs  and  Phrases. 

Ever-every,  have,  however,  over,  very,  in,  any,  amount, 
account,  company,  average,  several,  behind,  immediately, 
much,  think,  thank-ed,  oversight,  overweight,  overdraw, 
overlook,  at,  ad,  had,  at  it,  had  it.  'it  had,  been,  with  us, 
we  could,  send  you,  about. 


I   I   I    II    II    II    )       / 
--------  ........  -----  <--** 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  15 

T.  J.  Boycl  &  Co.,  1- 

Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Gentlemen : 

Yours  received,  and  we  could  send  you  the  nut  coal 
at  the  price  we  stated  in  our  letter  to  you  a  few  days  ago. 
If  you  think  that  you  would  use  it  at  the  price,  let  us 
hear  at  once,  and  the  amount  you  need  at  present,  and  it 
will  be  shipped  promptly. 

We  could,  however,  make  you  a  better  price  on  other 
terms  which  may  suit  you. 

We  hope  to  hear  promptly  so  we  may  look  after  the 
matter  immediately. 

Yours  truly, 

o 

Milligan  Grocer  Co., 

Salem,  Mass. 
Gentlemen : 

We  have  received  another  letter  in  regard  to  the 
same  matter,  and  they  write  that  you  should  have  ship- 
ped the  goods,  and  that  they  have  waited  several  days 
to  hear  what  the  matter  is.  Of  course  the  waters  are 
high  and  they  do  not  expect  you  to  be  as  prompt  as  us- 
ual, but  they  need  the  goods  now  and  desire  to  know 
whether  you  think  they  should  wait  or  order  somewhere 
else. 

Let  us  know  what  you  think  about  it,  so  that  we  may 
write  so  they  may  know  what  to  do. 

Yours  truly, 

P.  S.  Did  you  see  Joe  to-day?  If  you  did  not  let  me 
know  so  we  may  write  him.  We  may  not  go  there  and 
I  am  not  sure  of  his  address. 


16 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 


This  shorthand  plate  should  be  practiced  and  read  over 
and  over  until  it  can  be  read  without  referring  to  the 
printed  copy. 


A. 


v^> 


u 


.r... 


I 

/ 


Q-,0 


X 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  17 

LESSON  IV. 

19.     The  stroke  v  inverted  is  vr.     Fl  inverted  is  fr. 
V,     vr,        fl,        fr,      vl,       veil,      flame,      frame. 


20.  The  stroke  for  m  shaded  is  mp  or  mb.  A  small 
hook  at  the  beginning  of  m  and  n  is  mr,  nr,  and  a  large 
hook  is  ml  and  nl.  The  mp  or  mb  lengthened  is  mpr  or 

mbr. 

Stamp,  damper,  slum,  slumber,  lumber,  Mr.,  market, 
animal,  dimple,  simple,  L/amar,  manner,  near. 


Tf 

21.  A  large  hook  at  the  beginning  of  g,  k,  t,  d,  is  w. 

Queen,  quote,  quire,  twice,  twist,  dwell,  quarrel,  twill, 

Gualm,  request. 

22.  A  large  hook  at  the  beginning  of  n  is  "I." 
Funnel,  tunnel,  kennel,  manual,  panel,  journal. 


18  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

23.  A  small  hook  at  the  beginning  or  left  hand  side  of 
straight  strokes  is  "r,"  except  on  the  stroke  "r." 

Gray,  crate,  crowd,        crime,         trim,      wire. 

*F=r c  FSi / " 

24.  A  small  hook  on  the  inside  of  curves,  at  the  end, 
is  "n".     "S"  may  be  written  inside  of  this  n  hook,  or  the 
1  hook  at  the  beginning. 

Fine,  vain,  bind,  join,    June,    supply,    mine,    known, 
demands. 


25.  In  writing  dollars  and  cents,  place  the  figures 
representing  dollars  in  the  e  position,  on  the  line,  and  the 
cents  on  a  position.  In  writing  hours,  minutes  and 
seconds,  write  the  figures  for  hours  in  a  position,  minutes 
in  e  position,  and  seconds  in  o  position.  Write  book, 
chapter,  and  page;  degrees,  minutes,  and  seconds;  pounds, 
shilling,  and  pence,  etc.,  in  the  same  way. 

$125.85,  $4.25,  4  hrs.  25  min.  23  sec.,  40°  34'  15",  £6. 
7s.  9d. 


In  many  words,  it  will  be  perfectly  safe  to  express  ty, 
dy,  etc.,  by  a  half  length  stroke  at  the  end,  and  ly  is  often 
expressed  by  the  /  stroke. 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  19 

Word  Signs  and  Phrases. 

From,  value,  after,  after  you,  opinion,  before,  beyond, 
object-ed,  observe-d,  important-ce,  improve-d-ment,  diffi- 
cult-y,  acquaint-ed-ance,  unfortunate,  or  in  our  opinion, 
from  day  to  day. 

^-          A_      -V-  )  ^^  x      C 


Note. — The  words  of,  of  the,  from  to,  may  be  ex- 
pressed by  proximity,  that  is,  by  writing  outlines  near  to 
each  other. 

The  words  him,  them,  may  be  expressed  by  the  m 
stroke 

Yours  of  the  25th,  your  letter  of  the  15th,  from  time 
to  time,  your  orders,  with  your,  we  can,  assure  you,  we 
shall  do,  from  you,  with  him,  with  them,  more  than,  as 
soon  as  possible,  two  or  three,  days  time,  but  you  can, 
we  would  not,  in  all,  when  you  see,  when  you  saw  them, 
when  we  sent  you  the,  when  we  saw  them,  please  you. 


20  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

1. 
Mr.  M.  L.  Johnson, 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Dear  Sir: 

Yours  of  the  10th  inst.  is  received  and  we  must  say 
that  while  we  may  not  be  able  to  ship  you  the  goods  as 
soon  as  we  should,  we  shall  not  delay  a  moment  more 
than  we  can  help.  We  must  have  two  or  three  days  time, 
but  you  can  depend  upon  it  that  we  will  ship  as  soon 
as  possible.  We  would  not  like  for  you  to  cancel  this 
order  for  we  have  the  quality  and  the  quantity,  and 
know  that  we  can  please  you.  We  will  crowd  the  mat- 
ter, and  as  soon  as  the  car  can  be  loaded  we  will  send 
it  to  you. 

We  hope  this  will  be  satisfactory  and  that  we  may 
often  have  the  opportunity  to  fill  your  future  orders. 

Yours  truly, 

2. 

Mr.  G.  M.  Simon, 
Madison,  111. 
Dear  Sir : 

Yours  of  the  25th  inst.  at  hand  and  noted.  We 
shall  be  pleased  to  have  your  orders  from  time  to  time, 
and  we  shall  attend  to  them  promptly.  We  are  some- 
what acquainted  with  your  needs  and  feel  quite  sure 
that  we  can  supply  them  in  a  satisfactory  manner. 

We  are  indeed  glad  of  the  opportunity  to  sell  you,  and 
assure  you  we  shall  do  our  best  to  furnish  you  just  the 
goods  your  trade  demands. 

We  shall  be  glad  to  hear  from  you  often. 

Yours  truly, 


UNIVERSAL,  SHORTHAND. 


21 


•^ r~**~ 


L^.  -5.c   7  J. 


r 

" 


Li  ..........  I 


-X- 


22  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 


3. 


Dear  Sir:  Your  letter  of  the  15th  instant  at  hand  and 
in  our  opinion,  from  what  we  have  observed  from  day  to 
day  the  acquaintance  to  which  you  refer  has  been  un- 
fortunate. We  have,  at  different  times,  noted  the  diffi- 
culty between  the  boys,  however  after  you  have  thought 
the  matter  over  you  will  find  that  they  have  been  of  very 
great  value  to  each  other  in  more  ways  than  one. 

When  we  saw  them  we  had  a  talk  with  them  and  we 
were  more  than  pleased,  and  assure  you  they  will  please 
you.  In  all  we  have  seen  we  would  not  expect  greater 
improvement.  They  realize  the  importance  of  their 
work  and  are  very  satisfactory. 

Yours  truly, 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  23 

LESSON  V. 

The  Ticks. 

26.  A  tick  at  the  beginning  or  end  of  a  character,  in 
the  direction  of  w,  is  the  or  /.  This  tick  may  be  written 
upward  or  downward.  It  may  be  used  between  strokes 
for  these  words.  It  is  called  the  "The"  tick.  This  tick 
may  be  shaded  when  written  downward,  for  thr  making 
there,  their  or  they  are. 

I  shall,  I  shall  not,  I  shall  not  see  you,  have  I,  shall  I, 
shall  the,  I  am,  I  may,  I  may  not,  I  am  not,  I  will,  I  will 
not,  I  have  it,  I  could,  I  can,  could  I,  can  I,  if  I,  if  it, 
if  it  is,  if  it  were,  would  the,  would  there,  when  the, 
when  there-their,  when  they  are,  what  the,  what  their, 
when  there  is,  what  there  is,  if  there,  if  there  is,  since  they 
are,  since  you  are,  it  is  their,  was  there,  does  there,  he 
is  there,  remain  there,  whom  thev  are. 


Ts           fr*-"       1 

^-s.  v_ 

<^-     <v     >  —  ^     >—  ^>    >-^ 

^       J7     jJL-H 

•^  ^ 

,.  :2—  X  .     *~j 

»                   — 

p  **  *-r 

V*^-  -V^  *\jp  ^4 

7     "/  "/ 

X  

^^ 

-A  -j, 

27.  A  dot  at  the  end  of  a  character  is  ng,  ing,  inger, 
ingly,  ingness,  or  thing.  A  break  in  the  middle  of  an  out- 
line is  ing.  The  "the"  tick  detached  at  the  end  is  "ing 
the."  The  j  sign  instead  of  the  dot  is  ings.  The  thr  tick 
detached  is  ing  there  or  ing  their. 


24  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

Being,  going,  doing,  having,  paying,  knowing,  sowing, 
seeing,  sing,  bring,  linger,  long,  longer,  seemingly,  know- 
ingly, willingly,  willingness,  nothingness,  Washington, 
Wellington,  Bennington,  Birmingham,  Kensington, 
Stonington,  having  the,  knowing  the,  doing  the,  paying 
the,  writing  the,  losing  the,  leavings,  writings,  doings. 

) < V, .<=: „• v 

~k _..^,1 i 


28.  The  sign  for  y  at  the  end  of  a  stroke  is  you,  and 
shaded  is  your  or  you  are.  It  may  be  used  at  the  end  of 
a  word  for  3;  or  ly,  and  if  shaded  it  is  ry. 

Only,  duty,  dirty,  carry,  money,  hereby,  thereby,  lately, 
daisy,  crazy,  sweetly,  kindly,  plenty,  quality,  quantity, 
nearly,  many,  sincerely,  severely,  wintry,  country,  pan- 
try, foundry,  pleasantry,  poultry,  mastery,  county,  pas- 
try, casualty,  balance,  between,  liberty,  value,  valuable, 
unreasonable,  just,  better,  remainder,  select,  suffered. 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  "25 

Words  and  Phrases. 

Glad,  gladly,  necessary,  unnecessary,  it  is  necessary, 
next  week,  absolute-ly,  better  able  (to),  on  hand  wherein, 
whenever,  what  will,  we  must  have,  in  reply,  in  reply 
will  say. 


The  tick  for  h  may  be  struck  up  to  make  a  good  join- 
ing if  necessary.  Strike  p  through  or  detached  for 
"party,"  and  k  through  for  "company."  The  skr  is 
formed  imperfectly  after  d.  The  /  hook  may  be  used  on 
h. 

Behalf,  behave,  democrat  party,  political  party,  republi- 
can party,  description,  desk,  he  will,  he  will  be. 

c, -f 


1. 

Mr.  W.  L.  Wilson, 
Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Dear  Sir: 

Yours  of  the  12th  inst.  received  and  noted.  We  are 
glad  to  know  that  you  are  better  able  to  take  care  of  our 
business  there  now. 

It  is  necessary  for  us  to  keep  in  touch  with  that  part 


26  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

of  the  business  of  which  you  have  charge,  and  we  insist 
that  we  must  have  prompt  report  whenever  called  for. 

As  the  writer  will  be  there  next  week  it  is  unneces- 
sary to  send  anything  this  week.  We  should  be  glad  if 
you  would  remit  the  balance  on  last  month,  then  every- 
thing will  be  absolutely  straight.  The  remainder  due 
us  is  small,  and  we  have  no  anxiety  about  it,  but  you 
understand  that  just  at  this  time  I  want  to  have  every- 
thing up-to-date  at  this  end. 

Yours  truly, 


2. 
J.  P.  Mason  &  Co., 

Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Gentlemen : 

We  are  glad  to  know  that  you  are  having  the  suc- 
cess that  you  are,  in  your  line.  We  are  sure  that  you 
are  doing  the  wise  thing  in  staying  with  that  business. 

We  have  your  order  of  the  12th  inst.,  and  in  reply  will 
say  that  we  are  short  on  some  of  the  goods  you  order, 
but  are  shipping  what  there  is  remaining.  If  there  is 
not  enough  of  it  for  you  let  us  know  how  much  more  you 
will  need,  and  include  other  items  sufficient  to  make  a 
shipment  and  we  will  send  as  soon  as  possible. 

What  will  you  require  for  the  next  month?  If  you 
will  make  us  an  estimate,  we  will  try  to  arrange  so  there 
may  be  no  delay  hereafter.  We  can  have  the  quantity 
and  the  quality  ready  for  you  if  we  only  know  the  kind 
you  want  in  time  so  we  may  select  it.  Kindly  make  us 
an  estimate  some  time  between  now  and  the  first. 

Trusting  to  hear  from  you  soon,  we  are, 

Yours  truly, 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 


27 


<JL3 


•X---- 


— ., .^ 1 .... 

<          r     o 
— 


, A. /..i v 

/I  >?     A 

.    I         U_x     p- 


28  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

Suggestion. 

The  thing  of  first  importance  is  accuracy  or  correct 
shorthand  outlines.  This  means  that  you  must  know 
the  principles  and  use  them  all,  not  just  a  few  of  them. 
Of  equal  importance  is  much  reading  and  writing,  which 
is  the  secret  of  speech.  Reading  helps  very  much  more 
that  you  would  think  to  increase  speed,  as  it  gets  the  form 
fixed  in  the  mind  so  that  the  mind  always  has  them  ready 
just  as  when  you  talk.  Much  writing  at  different  rates 
of  speed  is  necessary  to  train  the  hand  to  put  down  what 
the  mind  furnishes.  The  value  of  this  practice  depends 
upon  how  the  outlines  are  formed  in  the  mind,  yet  these 
things  must  go  together  and  grow  together. 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  29 

LESSON  VI. 

The  Hook  Rules. 

29.  A  small  final  hook  on  the  right-hand  side  of  slant- 
ing straight  strokes,  on  the  upper  side  of  horizontal 
straight  strokes,  and  on  the  inside  of  the  stroke  "d,"  is  / 
or  v.  In  phrasing,  this  hook  may  be  used  for  have,  to 
have,  or  of. 

Give,  gave,  stone,  prone,  cane,  wave,  weave,  we  have, 
pave,  puff,  huff,  half,  to  have,  rough,  which  have,  draft, 
dive. 


,  .......................      ......  -        .......... 

I    ^  ( 

......  ..... 


30.  A  small  hook  at  the  end  on  the  underside  of 
straight  strokes  and  inside  of  curves  (except  "d"),  is  «. 
If  this  hook  be  closed  on  the  straight  strokes  it  is 
ns.  The  loops  joined  in  the  same  way  add  n  to  them, 
for  nst,  nts,  nstr. 

Pain,  wine,  rain,  cone,  gain,  hone,  hind,  main,  known, 
John,  vain,  fine,  phone,  pains,  gains,  hones,  winced, 
against,  punster,  dinner,  differ. 

~™  ........  J-  ........  —  .....  —  *  .........  =  .........  7 

V^  \        _  0 


30  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

31.  The  "n"  hook  at  the  end  of  "d"  is  made  very 
small.  The  "f  or  v"  hook  at  the  end  of  "d"  is  slightly 
larger  than  the  "n"  hook,  and  the  hook  for  "shun,  shus, 
or  shul,"  etc.,  on  "d"  is  made  very  large. 

Do  not,  different,  condition,  consideration,  did  not,  do 
you  not,  dividend,  defer. 


"C fp     6 u " £ / \c~ 

»  C 


32.     A  large  4iook  on  the  n  side  of  straight  strokes, 
is  ntr,  ndr,  or  nthr. 

.Tender,  render,  panther,  canter,  wonder,  wander,  win- 
dow, (same  as  winder). 


<7 


33.  A  small  hook  on  the  left-hand  or  underside  of 
straight  strokes,  at  the  beginning,  is  "r."  This  hook 
may  be  closed  to  prefix  "s,"  making  str,  spr,  skr. 

Pray,  spray,  strive,  scrap,  script,  spring,  scramble, 
scribe. 


, 
I 


*—)  .....  ' 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  31 

34.     The  circle  for  "s"  may  be  written  inside  of  the 
hooks  for  f,  v,  n. 

Staves,  waves,  fines,  caves,  Jones,  beans,  buns,  halves, 
vines. 


35.  A  large  hook  at  the  end,  on  right-hand  upper 
side  of  straight  strokes  and  inside  of  curves  is  shun,  shits, 
shut,  shunate,  for  tion,  sion,  cion,  chcon,  dan,  sian,  tied, 
cial,  tious,  cious,  tient,  dent,  shun-ate-ed,  etc. 

The  curl  after  s  at  the  end  may  represent  the  same 
sounds. 

Passion,  fashion,  motion,  mission,  nation,  tuition,  par- 
tial, cautious,  revision,  relation,  position,  disposition, 
proposition,  division,  facial,  irrigation,  luncheon,  ocean, 
proportion,  attention,  quotation,  sensation,  education,  pro- 
ficient, deficient,  efficient,  sufficient. 


32  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

36.  A  small  curl  may  be  written  before  s  at  the  begin- 
ning for  in,  en,  un.  The  s  may  be  written  inside  of  the 
large  w  hook. 

Inscribe,  instruct,  inspire,  inspiration,  in  some,  un- 
seemly, unseen,  enslave,  squash,  exquisitely. 


It  is  very  important  that  word-signs  be  learned  well. 
They  should  finally  become  as  familiar  as  figures,  so  that 
they  may  be  written  without  thinking  any  more  than  one 
thinks  of  the  figure  "2"  in  making  figures.  This  cannot 
be  done  in  a  day  nor  in  a  week.  It  takes  much  practice, 
but  the  better  these  are  learned  now  the  easier  the  future 
lessons  will  be,  because  if  these  words  do  not  trouble  the 
mind  hereafter  it  will  have  less  to  carry  when  the  next 
lesson  is  taken  up.  All  the  words  learned  will  occur  fre- 
quently in  other  exercises,  so  that  they  will  finally  become 
familiar.  Copy  the  shorthand  over  and  over,  and  read  it 
over  and  over  and  write  from  dictation. 

Word  Signs  and  Phrases. 

Information,  satisfaction,  objective,  objection,  super- 
intend-ent,  subject-ed,  subjection,  represent,  representa- 
tive, representation,  respectfully,  govern-or,  government, 
consider-able-ably,  change,  exchange,  within,  without, 
with  it,  hopeful,  careful-ly.  believ-ed,  belief,  advertise-d- 
ing-ment,  in  order  (to),  in  reference  (to),  to  have,  to 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  33 

be,  to  give,  to  give  it,  out  of,  shall  have,  favor  of,  we  have, 
we  give  or  gave,  you  will  have. 

f 
....^>. u  .  ^ __ ^^, x.<^s,_..x^...x*_, 

_^       ?,<L^   ; 3  -II1 


We  are  in  receipt  of,  your  letter  of  the  25th,  we  are 
in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  25th,  yours  respectfully, 
very  truly,  yours  truly,  very  truly  yours,  your  order,  we 
have  your  order,  your  favor  of  the  24th,  we  have  your  fa- 
vor of  the  24th,  we  have  your  letter  of  the  24th,  in  re- 
gard, in  reply,  in  reply  will  say,  in  reply  would  say,  hear 
from  you,  in  the  near,  in  the  near  future,  herewith  en- 
close, we  quote  you,  f.  o.  b.,  f.  o.  b.  cars  here,  f.  o.  b.  cars 
there,  hoping  to  have,  hope  to  have,  have  to  have,  glad  to 
have,  had  not,  thought  of  it. 

<L*       AsT. ... 
L     > 

{^  ^^."        ; .V.^ 

L 

5 

1. 
Mr.  H.  L.  Shotwell, 

Battle  Creek,  Mich. 
Dear  Sir: 

Your  letter  of  the  15th  inst.  at  hand  and  noted. 
We  quote  you  hard  coal  at  $12.25  per  ton  f.  o.  b.  cars 
there,  and  lump  coal  at  $3.75  per  ton  f.  o.  b.  cars  here. 


34  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

We  are  able  to  fill  orders  promptly  in  your  city  now, 
and  shall  give  your  orders  prompt  and  careful  attention. 
Prices  are  somewhat  higher,  but  we  shall  not  take  ad- 
vantage of  the  advance  on  shipments  to  you  this  month. 

Trusting  to  hear  from  you  in  the  near  future  with  an 
order,  we  are, 

Yours  truly, 

2. 

The  Hogan  Mercantile  Co., 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Gentlemen : 

We  have  your  letter  of  the  12th  inst.  in  regard  to 
books,  and  herewith  enclose  you  catalogue  of  our  publica- 
tions which  will  give  you  the  desired  information.  We 
shall  certainly  be  pleased  to  give  you  the  very  best  terms 
and  discounts,  and  shall  give  you  the  most  prompt  and 
careful  service. 

We  are  hopeful  that  you  may  decide  to  adopt  some  of 
our  books  for  each  department  of  your  school.  We  will 
make  it  to  your  interest  to  do  so,  in  fact,  we  think  you 
will  find  it  to  be  the  interest  of  your  school,  upon  exam- 
ination, and  feel  quite  sure  you  will  adopt  them  if  you 
give  them  a  trial. 

Thanking  you  and  hoping  to  have  your  frequent  fa- 
vors in  the  future,  we  are. 

Yours  truly, 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 


.....TT^..  . 


3. 
H.  H.  Johnson  &  Co., 

Madison,  111. 
Gentlemen : 

We  have  your  letter  of  the  15th  inst.,  and  in  reply 
will  say  that  we  had  our  representative  call  at  your  man- 
ufacturing establishment,  and,  from  the  representation 
of  your  superintendent  to  him  and  the  information  he 
gathered  elsewhere,  we  are  of  the  opinion  that  your 
objection  is  well  founded,  and  we  shall  govern  ourselves 
accordingly. 


36  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

We  have  had  considerable  trouble  lately  in  getting 
our  advertising  department  to  come  v.ithin  the  limit  of 
the  amount  we  have  set  apart  for  that  purpose,  but  we 
believe  we  shall  be  able  to  do  so  without  any  material 
reduction  of  space.  In  order  to  do  this  we  shall  have 
to  make  some  change  in  the  arrangement  of  space  in 
the  different  magazines  and  papers. 

In  reference  to  the  returns  from  our  advertisements, 
it  may  be  some  satisfaction  to  you  if  we  inform  you  that 
our  responses  have  been  much  better  and  larger  in  num- 
ber than  last  year  through  the  same  mediums. 

We  shall  be  careful  in  reference  to  that  matter,  and 
are  hopeful  that  we  may  succeed  in  arranging  every- 
thing satisfactory. 

Respectfully, 


.../../ 


yVt^rf~N: 

^   „      *~  I          ^  X    ) 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  37 


LESSON  VII. 


Words  Beginning  with  Vowels. 

34.  The  vowel  signs  are  written  without  regard  to 
position,  if  followed  by  a  consonant,  the  outline  being 
written  on  the  position  of  the  accented  vowel  following 
the  consonant  stroke.  In  words  like  "our,"  the  o  is  writ- 
ten on  u  position. 


Reading  and  Writing  Exercises. 

Alike,  awake,  after,  hereafter,  article,  attend,  attend- 
ance, admonish,  avail,  appeal,  appear,  apt,  April,  attrac- 
tive, attic,  attack,  assort,  answer,  ask,  aside,  entire,  ascer- 
tain, assent,  assessor. 


^ L.. >. ^....-±r....L..Z^. 

•\  -V     x-      L        ,       I— 


449506 


38  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

Word  Signs  and  Phrases. 

Principle-al,  organ-ize,  organizes,  organized,  organi- 
zation, deliver-ed,  against,  again,  change-ed,  exchange- 
ed,  charge-d,  anxious,  astonish-ed-ment,  bushel,  general- 
ly, happy,  happiness,  itself,  particular-ly,  peculiar-ity, 
remark-ed-able,  secure,  surprise,  surprised,  spirit,  toward, 
to-day,  to-morrow,  withheld,  withhold,  beheld,  unable. 


c 


J        J  "  I—/ 


1. 


Mr.  J.  V.  Horton, 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Dear  Sir: 

We  have  your  letter  of  the  15th  inst.  in  regard  to 
making  sale  to  the  party  mentioned.  We  are  surprised 
that  you  did  not  succeed.  If  you  were  with  him  as  long 
as  you  say  you  were,  you  should  have  been  able  to  sell 
him.  Since  you  were  unable  to  secure  the  order,  under  the 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  39 

circumstances,  we  believe  you  did  not  handle  him  as  you 
should.  We  believe  he  can  be  reached  in  some  other 
way.  If  you  cannot  do  it,  let  us  know  at  once  and  we 
will  take  it  up  with  him  at  once  by  mail.  If  you  can  get 
an  order  we  shall  be  glad  to  know  it. 

Hoping  to  hear  from  you  by  return  mail,  we  are, 

Yours  truly, 

2. 

B.  F.  Williams  &  Co., 
Omaha,  Xeb. 

Gentlemen : 

We  have  your  order  of  the  loth  inst.  and  in  reply 
have  to  say  that  we  are  glad  to  hear  from  you  again 
and  shall  be  pleased  to  make  the  exchange  with  you. 

We  are  in  a  peculiar  situation  at  this  particular  time. 
There  is  a  somewhat  organized  effort  against  us  and  we 
have  discovered  several  irregularities  in  a  general  way, 
toward  which  we  shall  have  to  direct  our  attention. 

We  want  to  take  the  matter  up  to-day  or  to-morrow, 
and  show  some  spirit  in  our  opposition  to  the  machine 
methods  which  they  are  using.  We  regard  it  as  some- 
what remarkable  that  they  should  withhold  the  informa- 
tion to  which  we  are  entitled.  They  seemed  to  regard 
us  with  astonishment  when  we,  without  any  hesitation, 
delivered  the  papers  to  them  promptly  upon  their  request. 

We  fill  your  order  to-day  and  hope  to  see  you  soon 
in  regard  to  the  other  matters. 

Yours  truly, 


40 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 


.1- 


\ 


T 


VJL^ * ^ .SsrJLtL.-     ._^..A^_.. 

V  //    •)  c/>  <i  /    P)  / 

-*^_ijw4 ^Cf^-J ^, ^^.Z..l.^...^:;^.4 

^^=^L-^ ^^1^^— 


-•&.: 


' — <7    x 

" 


^T 


r 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  41 


LESSON  VIII. 


Prefixes  and  Suffixes. 

35.  A  dot  at  the  beginning  is  con,  com,  cor,  cog,  cunt. 
A  break  in  an  outline  may  be  made  to  express  con,  com, 
cor,  cog,  or  cum,  at  the  beginning. 

Commence,  condense,  conquest,  commit,  conflict,  com- 
plain, conform,  complete,  competition,  contain. 


36.     A  tick  instead  of  the  dot  is  contra,  contri,  contra, 
counter. 

Controvert,     contravene,     countermand,     countersign, 
contribute,  controversy,  counterfeit,  contradict. 


37.     The  stroke  for  /  at  the  beginning  (disjoined)   is 
incom,  incon,  etc.;  r  is  recom,  etc.;  WW  is  wmcon,  d^  is 


42  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

discon,  discom,  u  is  uncon,  uncon,  un  is  noncom,  noncon, 
etc.,  and  so  on. 

Incompetent,  incumbent,  incumbrance,  incorrupt,  in- 
complete, discontent,  disconnect,  misconduct,  recognize, 
recommend,  reconstruct,  nonconductor,  noncommittal, 
uncomfortable,  uncommon,  unconcerned. 


v—  "/     ' 

r 


38.  The  sign  for  s  at  the  beginning  (disjoined)  is 
self  con,  self  com,  etc.  It  may  be  written  midway  before 
a  character  for  "self."  If  it  be  written  midway  after  the 
stroke,  it  is  self  at  the  end. 

Self-control,  self-esteem,  self-respect,  self-important, 
self-made,  self-improvement. 


39.  The  sign  for  "n"  shortened,  joined  or  attached, 
is  ind,  int,  ent,  end,  for  inde,  indi,  inte,  ent,  end.  This 
sign  shortened  and  shaded  is  ntr,  ndr,  for  inter,  intra, 
intro,  intru,  under,  enter,  etc.,  regardless  of  position. 

Entertain,  interpose,  undergo,  enterprise,  interview, 
intersperse,  intercede,  introduce,  undertake,  introduction. 

...:.C 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  43 

40.  The  suffixes  "ility,  ality,  arity,"  are  expressed  by 
detaching  the  stroke  preceding  the  suffix.  "B"  de- 
tached is  for  bility,  "sh"  for  ciality,  "1"  for  larity,  "t"  for 
ferity,  tality,  "m"  for  mality,  mority,  "u"  for  uality, 
nation. 

Possibility,  specialty,  popularity,  fatality,  formality, 
hostility,  geniality,  nobility,  regularity,  posterity,  temerity, 
punctuality,  punctuation. 


41.  "Sh"  detached  is  ship.  "M"  written  above  at  the 
beginning,  detached,  is  magna,  magni,  magrif. 

Generalship,  fellowship,  kinship,  penmanship,  horse- 
manship, statesmanship,  worship,  magnify,  magnificence, 
magnanimity,  magna  charter,  magazine. 


\  __  ^  _  ^,~  *r^^^ 

*-*&     z?^*-  7    '•vc""—        —  r 

'£• 


42.  The  prefix  circum  is  expressed  by  "s"  written 
detached  midway  in  front  of  the  first  part  of  the  stem 
outline. 

Circumstance,  circumstances,  circumstantial,  circum- 
stanced, circum-navigate. 

•/        g         -L, 


44  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

Word  Signs  and  Phrases. 

Arrive,  arrival,  arrived,  applicant,  application,  architec- 
ture-ural,  length,  at  length,  extravagant-ce,  happy,  happi- 
ness, practice,  practical,  practicable,  religion,  religious, 
reference,  in  reference  (to),  certainly,  I  have  your  favor 
of  the  15th,  having  to,  compartive-ly,  wonder-ful-ly,  we 
have  your  favor  of  the  10th,  are  certainly,  it  has  been, 
some  time  ago. 


1. 

A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co., 

Chicago,  111. 
Gentlemen : 

We  have  yours  of  the  10th  inst.  and  in  reply  will 
say  the  books  have  arrived  to-day  in  good  condition  and 
we  thank  you  for  your  promptness  in  filling  the  order. 
The  time  it  took  to  get  these  goods  was  certainly  short 
compared  with  the  length  of  time  it  has  usually  re- 
quired. 

It  has  been  some  time  since  we  have  had  an  order  from 
you.  We  are  quite  sure  that  you  will  find  some  of  our 
books  much  more  practical  than  some  you  handle.  You 
will  remember  that  we  wrote  you  some  time  ago  in  ref- 
erence to  some  religious  books  that  we  carry  in  stock. 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  45 

Our  regular  prices  are  certainly  not  extravagant,  but 
we  are  willing  to  make  you  a  special  discount  in  quan- 
tities. 

Trusting  to  hear  from  you  very  soon,  we  are, 

Yours  truly, 

2. 

Mr.  F.  P.  Miller, 

Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Dear  Sir : 

Your  letter  and  application  received.  In  reference 
to  the  application  will  say  that  we  have  several  appli- 
cants for  the  same  position  you  mention,  and,  while  we 
feel  that  we  should  give  them  due  consideration,  we 
think  it  would  be  wise,  from  what  we  know  of  you,  for 
you  to  take  the  examination  and  get  your  record  on  file. 
We  will  then  be  in  position  to  take  the  matter  up  for 
you,  and  you  may  be  sure  we  will  do  what  we  can  to 
help  you. 

There  is  only  one  applicant  for  the  place  in  the  office 
of  the  architect,  and  you  may  wish  to  file  your  applica- 
tion for  that  place.  We  do  not  think  that  position  is 
permanent,  and  do  not  know  what  length  of  time  they 
would  require  your  services,  but  you  would  get  some 
architectural  ideas  that  would  be  of  value  to  you. 

Come  to  see  us  at  once  upon  your  arrival  in  the  city, 
that  we  may  talk  the  matter  over  at  length  before  going 
over  to  the  general  offices. 

Yours  truly, 


46 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 


L...L 


. 

7 

( 


<-"f^~t j— £ 


^       "      ^ 

•  •****, r.  ...^S^ /..'. 

Vc>     I      O >      -v 

9      '         /       l—o 


.£..: 


..^^...\^\....<^>^...?^r^.....^.....^ 


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^r../...V^...°./ 


•\  -'"^ 


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.../?..,=>B<>s.«i^.....^...^..,^..,N_y^.....!:V^ ,™^ 

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"OV * r"  ""V-      2^; 


<^ 


/ 


./  ^s. 

/...„  .............  ....x  ...........  .......g.  ................  < 


£L^L^=^^  ___________  .,. 


J.  S.  Munson  &  Co.,  3 

Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Gentlemen : 

We  have  your  order  booked  for  3  cars  of  nut  coal 
and  2  cars  of  lump  coal.     These  will  go  forward  as  soon 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  47 

as  they  can  be  loaded.  We  are  confident  that  we  can 
complete  the  order  and  have  it  all  shipped  by  the  last 
of  the  week. 

We  note  that  you  complain  of  some  delay  on  previous 
order,  but  we  contend  that  we  complied  promptly  with 
the  conditions  of  your  order,  and  if  you  will  compare 
the  dates,  in  which  we  note  you  have  some  conflict,  you 
will  consider  that  we  did  better  than  you  thought.  You 
will  confer  a  favor  on  us  if  you  will  look  into  the  matter 
and  mention  it  when  you  write  again. 

We  do  not  want  to  put  you  to  any  inconvenience.  We 
recognize  and  appreciate  the  value  of  your  trade  and  shall 
be  pleased  to  consider  anything  whereby  we  may  accom- 
modate you. 

Hoping  to  have  your  frequent  favors,  we  are, 

Yours  truly, 


2l 


48  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 


Mr.  G.  M.  Wilson, 
Boston,  Mass. 
Dear  Sir: 

I  have  your  favor  of  the  15th  inst.  and  note  con- 
tents. We  do  not  wish  to  magnify  small  things  nor  in- 
terfere in  anything,  but  think  this  is  a  magnificent  op- 
portunity to  introduce  this  new  system  of  keeping  ac- 
counts with  the  different  departments. 

It  is  not  uncommon  for  us  to  have  considerable  delay 
on  account  of  our  present  deficient  method.  You  rec- 
ognize this  as  well  as  I,  and  I,  having  had  this  uncom- 
fortable experience  for  some  time,  and,  having  exam- 
ined this  new  system  with  considerable  interest  and  care, 
have  decided  to  recommend  it  for  next  year. 

Hoping  you  will  reconsider  the  matter  and  decide  to 
introduce  the  international,  I  am, 

Yours  truly, 


.............  ~.......^_....^...... 

^        *\/    </  -s      < 


UNIVERSAL,  SHORTHAND.  49 


LESSON  IX. 

Terminations. 

43.  The  sign  for  o  at  the  end  is  ology,  osophy, 
osopher,  etc. 

Reading  and  Writing  Exercises. 

Physiology,  astrology,  biology,  analogy,  apology,  ety- 
mology, chronology,  phrenology,  psychology,  technology, 
phraseology. 


j 


44.  The  sign  for  g  at  the  end  of  the  outline  is  gram, 
graph,  grapher,  graphical-ly. 

Phonograph,  geography,  photograph,  geographical,  bi- 
ography, lithograph,  mythology,  phonography,  tele- 
graphy. 

*v_          -N  L. 

«> A.m. II. .7) m .J ^rrfj ^rrn^t ....I 1... 


60  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

45.  The  sign  f-s  detached  is  fulness,  and  the  sign  l-s 
detached  is  lessness. 

Hopefulness,  gracefulness,  carefulness,  lawfulness, 
mindfulness,  carelessness,  hopelessness,  restlessness, 
shiftlessness. 


46.  The  sign  for  wh,  may  be  enlarged  to  add  were, 
would;  and  the  sign  for  u  may  be  enlarged  to  add  would, 
and  shaded  for  you  were. 

What  were  you,  what  would  you,  where  were  you, 
where  would  you,  what  were  you  doing  there,  where 
were  you  going,  what  would  you  think,  where  would  you 
go,  you  were. 


Word  Signs  and  Contractions. 

Recollect,  recollection,  defendant,  plaintiff,  deliver-ed, 
privilege-d,  legislature-or-ion-ive,  public-ation,  associa- 
tion, develop,  development,  indispensible,  intelligent-ence- 
ly,  unquestion-able-y,  origin-al-ly,  inhabit  in  the  habit, 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  61 

inhabitant,  downward,  heretofore,  hereto,  collection, 
collect,  nevertheless,  notwithstanding,  acknowledge-ed- 
ment,  distinct-ion,  infer-ence,  testimony,  testify,  accept, 
except,  exception-al-able,  language,  together  with,  abso- 
lutely necessary,  my  ability,  your  ability,  best  of  my  abil- 
ity, legislative  session,  session  of  the  legislature. 


H.  L.  Johnson,  Esq., 
Chicago,    111. 

Dear  Sir: 

Your  favor  of  the  20th  inst,  is  received  and  in  reply 
will  say  that  the  subjects  upon  which  you  would  have  to 
pass  for  the  certificate  you  desire  are  as  follows :  Physi- 
ology, biology,  psychology,  geography,  phonography,  ge- 
ology, telegraphy,  and  philosophy,  together  with  the  com- 
mon branches. 


52  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

You  are  already  well  acquainted  with  the  subjects  and 
will  have  no  difficulty  in  making  a  good  grade.  It  is 
absolutely  necessary  for  you  to  be  here  for  examination 
on  the  10th  of  next  month  as  that  is  the  only  day  on 
which  examinations  will  be  conducted. 

Trusting  this  will  suit  your  convenience  and  not  be 
in  any  way  inconvenient,  I  am, 

Yours  truly, 

2. 
B.  J.  Williamson  &  Co., 

New  York  City,  N.  Y. 
Gentlemen : 

We  acknowledge  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  15th 
inst.  We  note  what  you  say  about  the  excessive  express 
charges,  and  we  are  willing  to  allow  one-half  of  it  and 
have  placed  that  amount  to  the  credit  of  your  account 
and  you  may  take  it  into  consideration  when  you  remit 
at  another  time.  The  charge  appears  to  Have  been  more 
than  it  should  have  been. 

Will  you  kindly  send  us  the  paid  expense  bill  as  a 
voucher  for  our  entry,  and  to  make  claim  for  the  amount  ? 
In  all  probability  we  can  get  it  refunded.  We  do  not 
insist  upon  this  but  should  be  pleased  to  have  it.  We 
are  in  possession  of  all  the  necessary  information.  We 
have  had  very  little  trouble  lately  concerning  expressage 
and  think  this  simply  an  overcharge.  We  will  ask  you 
to  send  us  any  other  information  vou  may  have  that  will 
be  of  value  to  us. 

Thanking  you  and  hoping  our  disposition  of  this  mat- 
ter is  satisfactory  to  you,  we  are, 

Yours  truly 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  53 

„   ^^~  "' 

^r 

x- 

» 

•£•••••-«-*•••"       ~! •^--•: X-|- 

-— ^      ^--.-^••v-^-- - 

Y~ 

..2/., 

y7          ^—^v  v^^,  "^     /J_^    « /^-  /     ^> 

•J(^^ J    '  —y^*^?    .'  ^ ;^. 

O  / 

__          ....^...s .^...^^.^ ;  ^ 

\ 

^J!l!kiClJ!-Lfa^.™^rr»«^._^^9«v^     .X.-.A— v  .y.  .c-x> 

_^J^.Ja^lX.",^rc^....c._.Jr.^x 

3. 

Mr.  L.  H.  Williams, 

St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Dear  Sir: 

We  have  your  order  of  the  15th  inst.  and  ship  same 

to-day  with  the  exception  of  one  item  which  reads  "1  set 

of  1%  wagon  spokes."     If  the  size  you  give  is  correct, 

do  you  want  them  for  a  patent  or  a  common  hub? 

In  regard  to  the  other  matter,  we  are  willing  to  make 


54  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

some  concession.  While  we  are  satisfied  as  to  the  legal- 
ity of  our  position,  we  are  not  willing  to  allow  this  mat- 
ter to  appear  to  be  a  provocation  on  our  part.  In  all 
probability  we  have  arrived  at  our  figures  from  some 
different  standpoint.  We  have  a  settled  determination 
to  give  you  satisfaction  in  every  transaction,  and  you 
can  depend  Upon  it  that  we  will  make  any  reasonable 
concession  without  hesitation. 

Thanking  you,  and  hoping  to  have  your  frequent  fa- 
vors in  the  future,  we  are, 

Yours  truly, 


JEAy../    ' i r^cv../ LiJLfs. 


4. 
J.  H.  Myers  &  Son, 

Sacramento,  Cal. 
Gentlemen : 

We  are  just  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  28th 
inst.  and  in  reply  will  say  that  we  shall  have  to  have, 
the  goods  shipped  at  once  or  we  shall  have  to  cancel  our 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  55 

order  with  you.  This  is  a  matter  over  which  we  have 
no  control  or  we  should  certainly  not  be  so  apparently 
rigid  with  you.  Our  customer  is  simply  forcing  us  to 
get  these  goods  to  him  on  or  before  a  certain  date  and 
we  are  compelled  to  order  them  elsewhere  unless  you  are 
sure  you  can  meet  his  requirements. 

You  will  therefore  kindly  cancel  that  order  and  notify 
us  to  that  effect  at  once,  or  write  us  definitely  that  you 
can  and  will  deliver  the  goods  to  our  customer  on  the 
date  mentioned. 

Hoping  to  hear  from  you  by  return  mail  in  regard  to 
this  matter,  we  are,  Yours  truly, 


2\.y. 


5. 
Mr.  A.  H.  Perkins, 

Belleville,  111. 
Dear  Sir: 

We  have  sent  you  several  statements  of  your  ac- 
count, but  have  had  no  response  from  you.  We  must 
insist  that  you  give  this  matter  attention.  We  believe 


56  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

you  will  admit  that  we  have  been  patient  with  you,  but 
you  certainly  understand  that  we  cannot  allow  accounts 
to  run  indefinitely.  We  must  have  some  rule  in  regard 
to  this  matter. 

Now,  we  very  much  prefer  that  you  remit  us  direct, 
but  in  case  you  do  not,  we  shall  have  to  draw  on  you 
through  the  bank  on  the  25th  inst.  with  statement  and 
correspondence  attached,  with  instructions  to  the  bank 
that  they  place  the  account  in  the  hands  of  a  collector 
for  collection,  if  the  draft  is  not  paid  on  presentation. 

Hoping  you  will  make  this  step  unnecessary,  and  trust- 
ing to  hear  from  you  before  the  time  mentioned,  we  are, 

Yours  truly, 

6. 
Mr.  A.  H.  Carter, 

Cleveland,  O. 
Dear  Sir: 

We  enclose  you  herewith  statement  of  your  account.- 
We  have  sent  you  several  statements  and  have  written 
you  calling  your  attention  to  this  matter,  but  have  heard 
nothing  from  you.  We  are  certainly  entitled  to  a  reply. 
We  have  been  patient  with  you  and  do  not  want  to  ap- 
pear impatient,  but  we  cannot  consent  to  let  this  account 
stand  longer.  It  seems  useless  for  us  to  continue  the 
correspondence,  since  we  received  no  reply  from  you,  and 
we,  therefore,  have  drawn  on  you  to-day  for  the  amount, 
with  statement  and  correspondence  attached,  with  in- 
structions to  the  bank  not  to  return  the  draft  to  us,  but 
in  case  it  is  not  paid  on  presentation,  to  place  the  same 
in  the  hands  of  an  attorney  for  collection. 

Now,  in  your  own  interest  and  that  of  our  future  busi- 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 


57 


ness  relations,  we  very  much  prefer  that  you  remit  us 
direct,  and  if  you  will  do  so  by  return  mail,  we  will  recall 
the  draft  and  explain  to  the  bank  that  the  account  has 
been  paid. 

Hoping  you  will  give  this  matter  prompt  attention,  we 
are,  Yours  truly, 


58  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

7. 

Messrs.  Gardner  &  Watson, 

Atlanta,  Ga. 
Gentlemen : 

We  have  your  letter,  ordering  goods  to  be  shipped 
on  the  usual  terms  of  credit.  We  have  never  had  any 
orders  from  you  before,  and  have  had  no  occasion  to  look 
up  your  credit,  therefore,  we  shall  have  to  respectfully 
ask  this  time  that  you  send  us  cash  for  the  goods,  or  al- 
low us  to  send  them  C.  O.  D.  In  case  you  wish  them 
shipped  C.  O.  D.,  kindly  send  $10  to  cover  transportation 
charges  and  to  show  good  faith.  If  you  prefer,  send  us 
satisfactory  bank  references  and  allow  us  time  to  get  the 
necessary  information.  We  regret  having  to  delay  the 
shipment  in  this  way,  but  you  know  that  we  must  have 
some  rule  governing  our  credit  transactions,  and  are  sure 
that  you  will  understand  our  disposition  in  this  matter, 
Hoping  everything  may  be  satisfactory,  and  that  our 
future  business  relations  may  prove  mutual,  pleasant,  and 
profitable,  we  are, 

Yours,  truly, 


Mr.  G.  M.  Davidson, 

Defiance,  O. 
Dear  Sir: 

Your  note  of  $130  on  which  you  have  paid  $72,  is 
some  time  past  due.  Now,  Mr.  Davidson,  we  cannot  al- 
low this  matter  to  run  along  indefinitely.  Your  letters 
and  your  promises  are  all  very  good,  but  we  cannot  use 
them  in  our  business.  This  is  not  a  large  amount,  and 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  59 

we  are  satisfied  that  you  could  have  paid  it  if  you  had 
managed  your  affairs  .with  this  end  in  view. 

The  time  has  come  when  we  shall  have  to  make  some 
disposition  in  this  matter,  and  unless  we  hear  from  you 
in  a  substantial  way  within  the  next  few  days,  we  shall 
have  to  place  the  note  in  the  hands  of  an  attorney  for  col- 
lection and  ask  him  to  secure  judgment.  We  dislike  to 
do  this,  but  we  can  use  a  judgment  against  you  in  ways 
in  which  we  cannot  use  your  note.  Of  course,  we  are 
aware  that  it  is  a  bad  record  for  a  man  to  have  a  judg- 
ment standing  against  him,  which  may  damage  his  future 
prospects  in  various  ways  but  we  shall  have  to  leave  that 
matter  with  you. 

Regretting  that  we  are  forced  to  come  to  this  decision, 
and  hoping  to  hear  from  you  soon,  we  are, 

Yours  truly, 


60 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 


\ 


o     / 




UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  61 


LESSON  X. 


Words  and  Phrases  in  Court  Reporting  and  Gen- 
eral Reporting. 

47.  The  sign  for  do  not  (short  d)  or  did  may  be 
written  on  u  position  for  don't  you  or  did  you.  The  sign 
d  for  do  may  be  written  on  u  for  do  you. 

Do  not,  did  not,  do  you,  did  you,  don't  you,  don't  you 
know,  did  you  see  him,  do  you  think. 


/ 

I       ( 


If  the  following  words  and  phrases  be  thoroughly 
learned,  they  will  wonderfully  increase  the  student's  speed 
in  writing  and  reading  court  testimony. 

The  shorthand  notes  in  the  plates  following  the  selec- 
tion of  phrases,  should  be  read  over  and  over  until  they 
can  be  read  without  hesitation.  This  will  so  impress 
these  phrase  outlines  on  the  mind  that  the  speed  in  writ- 
ing, after  that,  will  be  greatly  increased. 

These  phrases  are  selected  from  matter  taken  in  ac- 
tual court  work,  and  occur  so  very  frequently  that  to 
write  them  without  hesitation  gives  more  time  for  that 
matter  which  is  not  so  familiar. 


62  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

What  is  your  name,  what  is  your  business,  Secretary, 
Famous  Furniture  Co.,  where  do  you  live,  how  long  have 
you  lived  there,  are  you  acquainted,  with  the  defendant, 
with  the  plaintiff,  state  your  name,  state  if  you  saw,  yes 
sir,  no  sir,  how  old  are  you,  where  were  you,  state  where 
you  were,  I  will  ask  you,  state  whether  or  not,  state  if 
you  know,  did  you  see  him,  I  did  not,  do  you  know,  I  do 
not  know,  how  long  have  you  been,  what  is  his  occupa- 
tion, don't  you  know,  what  were  you  doing  there,  could 
you  see  him,  half  past  eight,  I  could  not. 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND.  63 

Writing  Exercise. 

Note. — Select  the  phrases  and  study  and  practice  them. 

Q.     What  is  your  name  ?     A.     James  Johnson. 

Q.  What  is  your  business?  A.  Secretary  of  the 
Famous  Furniture  Co. 

Q.     Where  do  you  live?    .A.     I  now  live  in  St.  Louis. 

Q.  How  long  have  you  lived  in  St.  Louis  ?  A.  Three 
years. 

Q.  Are  you  acquainted  with  the  defendant  ?  A.  Yes, 
sir. 

Q.  Are  you  acquainted  with  the  plaintiff?  A.  No, 
sir. 

Q.  State  if  you  saw  him  at  the  time  of  this  trouble? 
A.  Yes,  sir,  and  had  seen  him  several  times  before. 

Q.     How  old  are  you?     A.     Thirty-seven. 

Q.  What  relation,  if  any,  are  you  to  the  defendant? 
A.  None. 

Q.  Where  were  you  at  the  time  the  first  shot  was 
fired?  A.  I  was  about  150  feet  away.  I  was  on  my 
way  home. 

Q.  State  where  you  were  when  you  heard  the  last 
shot?  A.  I  was  standing  in  the  same  place. 

Q.  I  will  ask  you  to  state  whether  or  not,  after  this 
difficulty,  any  officer  came?  A.  No,  sir,  not  at  once. 

Q.  State  if  you  know  whether  or  not  any  arrest  was 
made?  A.  I  think  so.  A  short  time  afterward,  but  I 
was  not  present. 


64  UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 

Q.     Did  you  see  him  fire  the  first  shot?     A.     Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Did  you  see  the  plaintiff  at  the  time  the  shot  was 
fired?  A.  I  did  not,  no,  sir. 

Q.  Do  you  know  whether  any  one  else  was  present 
and  saw  the  shooting?  A.  I  know  there  were  several 
there,  but  I  do  not  know  their  names. 

Q.  How  long  have  you  been  acquainted  with  the  de- 
fendant? A.  Five  or  six  years. 

Q.     What  is  his  occupation?     A.     Drummer. 

Q.  When  you  first  saw  him,  did  he  have  a  gun?  A. 
I  suppose  so. 

Q.  Don't  you  know?  A.  I  did  not  see  it  at  first, 
but  I  know  he  shot. 

Q.  What  were  you  doing  there?  A.  I  was  going 
home  as  usual. 

Q.  When  you  came  in  sight,  he  was  ready  and  did 
shoot?  A.  Yes,  sir,  very  soon  after  I  saw  him.  I  saw 
there  was  trouble  there  and  stopped. 

Q.  Could  you  see  the  plaintiff  from  where  you  were? 
A.  No,  sir,  not  at  first. 

Q.  Could  you  tell  whether  he  had  a  gun  or  whether 
he  was  shooting?  A.  Yes,  sir;  I  think  he  fired  first. 
I  could  hear  it,  but  could  not  see  him. 

Q.     Was  it  dark?     A.     No,  sir. 

Q.     Was  it  light?     A.     It  was  light,  but  late. 

Q.  What  time  was  it?  A.  Half  past  8  o'clock 
when  I  got  home. 


UNIVERSAL,  SHORTHAND. 


65 


Days,  Months,  States  and  Cities. 

1.  Sunday,  Monday,  Tuesday,    Wednesday,    Thurs- 
day, Friday,  Saturday,  January,  February,  March,  April, 
May,  June,  July,  August,  September,  October,  Novem- 
ber, December,  Thanksgiving,  Christmas,  Easter. 

2.  East,  West,  North,    South,    Northern,    Southern, 
Eastern,    Western,    Northeast,    Northwest,     Southwest, 


66 


UNIVERSAL  SHORTHAND. 


Southeast,   Republic,   Democratic,    Democracy,  Atlantic, 
Pacific,  Gulf,  House  of  Representatives,  Senate 

3.  Alabama,  Alaska,  Arizona,  Arkansas,  California, 
Colorado,  Connecticut,  Delaware,  District  of  Columbia, 
Florida,  Georgia,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Indian  Terri- 
tory, Iowa,  Kansas,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Maine,  Mary- 
land, Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Mississippi, 
Missouri,  Montana,  Nebraska,  Nevada,  New  Hampshire, 
New  Jersey,  New  Mexico,  New  York,  North  Carolina, 
North  Dakota,  Ohio,  Oklahoma,  Oregon,  Pennsylvania, 
Rhode  Island,  South  Carolina,  South  Dakota,  Tennessee, 
Texas,  Vermont,  Virginia,  Washington,  West  Virginia, 
Wisconsin,  Wyoming. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

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